Polycystic ovarian syndrome or PCOS is one of the most common hormone disorders affecting women. You’ve probably seen the acronym floating around and chances are you know someone who suffers from it - but what is it?
PCOS is a complex hormone condition that affects 1 in 10 women in Canada. The classic symptoms include acne, oily skin, irregular or no periods, facial hair, weight gain, and infertility. While these symptoms usually begin after puberty, it’s not uncommon for them to remain undiagnosed until the discovery of more severe conditions like diabetes or infertility.
Symptoms can often vary in severity and women are usually given a birth control pill to help regulate their cycles and to improve their comfort, but, it’s not a cure. As soon as the birth control pill is stopped, the weight gain, irregular periods and skin concerns return.
But WHY? What causes PCOS?
In short, we don’t really know. Possible causes can include hormone imbalances from the brain which cause ovulation problems, genetic factors, insulin resistance, inflammation, or an increased production of androgens (testosterone, DHEAs). And despite its name, cysts do not always have to be visible on the ovaries for a diagnosis. If fact, PCOS is formally diagnosed when two of the following are present:
Chronic anovulatory disorder: A lack of menstruation for more than 3 months, or fewer than 9 periods per year
Hyperandrogenism: Symptoms like acne, oily skin, thick & coarse body hair OR high testosterone or DHEA via lab testing
Polycystic ovaries: 12 or more follicles with a diameter of 2-9 mm in each ovary (termed a “string of pearls”), OR an increased ovarian volume
In addition to the different combinations of diagnostic parameters listed above, women with PCOS can also experience blood sugar dysregulation, insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction – this can occur in up to 80% of cases. Because the symptoms of PCOS can vary greatly from one woman to another, it is important to have a thorough assessment (lab work and imaging) to ensure an accurate diagnosis and allow for an appropriate, individualized treatment plan.
Can PCOS be treated?
Yes, absolutely! But every woman is different and can benefit from a variety of treatments depending on their own personal situation. Nutritional supplements, diet, exercise, and acupuncture can often make a big difference but it’s essential to consult with your primary health care provider to best understand your condition and develop the most effective treatment plan for you.
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